Shrasti Physio Devices Shortwave diathermy (SWD) with disc electrodes is a therapeutic method that uses high-frequency electromagnetic fields to create deep heat in tissues for pain relief and healing. The disc electrodes are positioned on the body, either on the same plane (coplanar) or on opposite sides, and are separated by a specific distance. The device applies an alternating current, which generates an electric field causing ions in the tissues to move and create frictional heat. This method is used for conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and recent injuries, and is delivered either continuously or in a pulsed mode. 

• Mechanism: A high-frequency alternating current is passed through disc electrodes placed on the skin over the target area.
• Heat generation: The alternating electric field causes ions in the tissues to move back and forth, creating friction that generates heat. This process is also described as "dipole rotation," which increases the kinetic energy of molecules, converting it into thermal energy.
• Electrode placement: Disc electrodes are a type of electrode used in the capacitor method of SWD.
  • Coplanar: Electrodes are placed on the same plane, often for larger areas like the back. An optimal distance between them is crucial to ensure the waves penetrate deeply and don't just get shunted between the electrodes.
  • Spacing: The distance between the electrodes is carefully controlled to manage the depth and intensity of the heat.
• Therapeutic effects: The deep heating increases blood flow and metabolism, which can help to accelerate soft tissue healing, relieve joint pain, and decrease muscle spasms.
• Mode of delivery: The therapy can be delivered in a continuous or pulsed mode, with pulsed SWD being able to provide intense deep heating without surface discomfort.
• Delivery process: After preparing the patient, the therapist will set up the machine and electrodes, tune the machine to resonate with the patient's circuit for effective energy transfer, and then increase the intensity until the patient feels a gentle warmth. 

• Safety: Proper application is crucial to avoid burns or other tissue damage. The patient should be monitored for comfort, and any excessive heat should be reported to the therapist.
• Tuning: The machine and patient circuits need to be matched for optimal energy transfer. Some modern machines have automatic tuning, while older ones require manual adjustment.
• Moisture: It is important to ensure the skin is dry before the treatment, and towels may be used to absorb any moisture that forms during the session.
• Contraindications: SWD is not recommended for certain conditions, such as having a pacemaker, certain types of cancer, or skin disorders that may cause allergic reactions. 

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